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App Marketing and Incrementality Insights with Mario Dietrich

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Client Spotlight

App Marketing and Incrementality Insights with Mario Dietrich

We met up with Mario Dietrich, Head of Growth at LOVOO, to enjoy a meal together and to learn from his six years of marketing apps. On top of his expertise in growing and retaining a user base, Mario shares a few insights from his experience using incrementality measurement. In this spotlight interview, you'll learn a bit about trends and testing, along with a few fun things about dating apps!

First of all, thanks for joining us!

Could you give us a quick intro about LOVOO - the app with a heart?

LOVOO started in 2011 and is the largest German-speaking dating app by downloads. We change how people meet through innovative location-based algorithms and an app radar feature that helps people find successful matches. Since 2017, LOVOO has been part of the US-based The Meet Group and has integrated live streaming as a new and entertaining way of connecting people.

What seasonalities have you seen through the years of marketing a dating app? Is Valentine's Day a thing for dating apps at all?

There are a few offerings for users for Valentine's day. Normally our users are those who don't have a Valentine, at least not yet, so our approach would be to "Get ready to find your Valentine". This is what we're doing as we usually push our users around seasonal topics.

The other seasons are quite general, like at the end of the year or the new year's start "new year, new me", winter is the season of sitting on the sofa after all.

We also see seasonal impacts during summer holidays, or if there is a football world cup and France goes to the finals or even wins the title as we've seen 2 years ago. At that point, we saw a dip in our users. It was so interesting - the further France went into the finals, the stronger the impact.

From icebreakers to subscriptions, there are a few monetization channels. How do you decide when something works out or not?

We do lots of A/B testing to figure it out. We have an internal tool to assign any user to any feature - several features are always visible only to a certain percent of our users.

However, the approach sometimes is a bit tricky because we're a social media platform where millions of people interact with each other. For some features, A/B-testing is not as straightforward because they might indirectly impact users who are not assigned to the treatment group.

Anything you'd like to introduce to the dating app scene?

Many dating business models are based on old gender norms where the girls go to the bar and don't pay for drinks. We see the same norms in many dating apps where female users are used to not paying for anything, or not paying much. That's an old approach but it's still valid.

This is fortunately changing in society and will be reflected within dating apps, but we can't just charge female users without adding certain value for them. We're trying to work around that business model but it's difficult. At LOVOO, our product teams are really creative with their ideas for the app and are testing new features a lot.

We just recently released a new value-adding and gender-neutral feature, "Cherry Picks". This feature applies the same rules to all genders. By answering a few questions like "do you prefer the movies or watching Netflix?", users are matched with those who have similar responses. Both sides can initiate a conversation and can unlock more features with the premium version of the app.

Let's get into the juicy part - app retargeting and measurement!

LOVOO is quite ahead of the game when it comes to mobile measurement. What was your experience moving towards incrementality?

For the first time, incrementality gives us measurable impact for our remarketing efforts. We are pretty happy with the results and learnings from it, since we can finally prove that our retargeting ad spend is worth it.

Before incrementality measurement, we've tried a couple of campaigns with retargeting based on attributed KPIs, but it was always missing trustworthy proof. This is something that is super important to have because otherwise you will not be able to justify any euro spend, and that's really the right way to go. Maybe with the new Bayesian approach (Remerge's), we can even see better insights and more stability in the results.

« For the first time, incrementality gives us measurable impact for our remarketing efforts. »
Mario Dietrich, LOVOO

What are your criteria for choosing the right incrementality measurement methodologies?

There's not so much difference in measuring incrementality. You would have people to treat or not and then you compare them against each other. There are differences in group assignment, so I try to understand the way people are randomizing (users) in order to interpret the results correctly. We did tests with placebo ads on a re-engagement case, but this is not suitable for an always-on measurement as it comes with additional costs. I'm a huge fan of keeping a consistent holdout group.

Transparency is also super important. We need to be able to verify the partner's data with our internal data to benchmark the groups against each other. If a potential partner cannot offer that, that's already a minus I would say.

« Transparency is also super important. »
Mario Dietrich, LOVOO

What are some app marketing trends to watch out for?

A general market trend that is going on and continues to go on is those networks - CPI networks are consolidating and dying because of the poor quality that they mostly provide. At the same time, those players are becoming DSPs and many of them have had classic install CPIs in the past.

Incrementality is a huge trend. People have been talking about that for a couple of years and it was a big topic on MAU last year. Since attribution is open to fraud and not all the data points are actually available, with all these black boxes for acquisition, it's very difficult to really make attribution correct, let's say.

For me attribution is always a model - a model to figure out which campaign spend makes sense and which doesn't - but it will never be correct. Incrementality, if done correctly, should give you the most accurate picture. It should tell you the difference in what you do.

Any last words of advice for other app marketers who are looking to improve their app growth strategy?

When it comes to retargeting:

  • Test different segments with multiple DSPs.
  • make use of internal BI and use raw data export to compare treatment vs. control.
  • always keep a holdback group to measure campaign success.
  • if possible, go incrementality-only.

Thank you Mario, it was such a pleasure getting to know you!

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Retargeting lexicon
Programmatic Advertising

The automated process of buying and selling advertising space through digital platforms.

View-Through Attribution
view-through-attribution

Refer to: Attribution Methodology

Uplift Test
uplift-test

A randomized control trial test conducted by Remerge to measure the incremental impact of one or more campaigns.

See also: Randomized Controlled Trial

Uplift Report
uplift-report

A report by Remerge showing the results of an uplift test. It presents the incremental revenue generated, on top of organic and other marketing-driven conversions. Also contains observed values such as ad spend, group sizes, amount of conversions, converters, and revenues per group, plus other metrics.

SKAdNetwork
skadnetwork

Stands for Store Kit Advertising Network. Apple’s measurement framework for tracking mobile attribution. Introduced in 2018 and widely implemented in 2020 with the iOS 14.5 update.

Segment
segment

A group of users with common attributes such as location, demographics, activity level, value or amount of purchases, and how recently they last opened a specific app.

Retention Rate
retention-rate

The share of users active in the app within certain time frames after install, reengagement, or other events.

Retargeting
retargeting

A type of marketing channel used by an app owner to engage with their existing users through other channels within the same device. Usually, the aim is to encourage users to complete a particular task e.g. completing a purchase, buying in-game currency, placing a first order. The conventional way of retargeting relies on user IDs, such as AAID and IDFA.

Reshuffle
reshuffle

Reshuffle indicates the randomization and marking of users when they were once part of a test or control group.

In incrementality measurement, reshuffling the group assignment for a specific application fights aggregated bias over time where one group doesn't see any ads while the other group is constantly exposed to them.

Reshuffling is relevant in cases where a test has been running for a long time and/or in campaigns the experience more extensive changes to the campaign setups, segmentation, or creative strategy.

Real-Time Bidding (RTB)
real-time-bidding-rtb

The process by which individual ad placements are bought and sold via programmatic auctions that happen instantaneously. With real-time bidding, ad buyers bid on an ad space, which, if the auction is won, instantly displays the buyer's ad. This lets demand-side players such as advertisers or DSPs optimize the purchase of ad placements from multiple sources.

Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)
randomised-controlled-trial-rct

A method that randomly separates a specific population into two groups that are as similar to each other as possible, namely the test group and control group.

further reading
Queries Per Second (QPS)
queries-per-second-qps

The number of ad placements a DSP is able to process in order to determine on how to bid on them.

Publisher
publisher

Within the sphere of app marketing, a publisher is an App Developer that gets paid for placing ads within their app. For example, an advertiser wants to reach their users via App Y, so they pay App Y to display their ads.

further reading
Public Service Announcement Ad (PSA Ads)
public-service-announcement-ad-psa-ads

An incrementality testing methodology where devices in the control group are shown PSA ads, like donation drives or road safety reminders. By serving real ads, information on the devices within the control group that would have been exposed can be obtained. Unexposed devices are excluded from the measurement to reduce noise.

Probabilistic Attribution
probabilistic-attribution

Refer to: Attribution Methodology

Organic Behavior
organic-behavior

A user’s behavior not directly attributable to specific marketing efforts.

Multi-Touch Attribution
multi-touch-attribution

Refer to: Attribution Methodology

Mobile Measurement Partner (MMP)
mobile-measurement-partner-mmp

Within the sphere of app marketing, MMPs are a service provider that specializes in measuring activities that are happening within and leading to the app. An app publisher may incorporate an MMP into their app to track activity and events e.g. time spent on a certain screen, sources of incoming traffic, app opening frequencies etc.

Lifetime Value (LTV)
lifetime-value-ltv

The amount of revenue generated by the user for the App Developer during the entire duration of the relationship with the user, beginning with the app install.

Last-Click Attribution
last-click-attribution

Refer to: Attribution Methodology

Key Performance Indicator (KPI)
key-performance-indicator-kpi

The key metrics used to assess the effectiveness of an effort in achieving its objective. In programmatic advertising, the common types of performance indicators depend on the goals and nature of each campaign. These can include ROAS, cost per action, and retention rate.

Intent-to-Treat (ITT)
intent-to-treat-itt

An incrementality testing methodology where no ads from the campaign are shown to devices within the control group. Also known as a ‘holdout test’. Cost-free and easy to implement, but with a relatively high level of noise.

This method compares the behavior of all users in both groups. In the test group, this includes both exposed and unexposed users

Incrementality
incrementality

A method of measuring the impact of a specific activity, on top of organic and other activity.

Incremental Revenue (iRevenue)
incremental-revenue-irevenue

The estimated revenue caused directly by the campaign.

Formula:Revenue from test group – revenue from control group = iRevenue

Incremental Return On Ad Spend (iROAS)
incremental-return-on-ad-spend-iroas

A KPI used in calculating how cost-efficient a campaign is. This is used to evaluate the relationship between incremental revenue and the amount of money spent on the campaign. The figure is typically represented in percentage.

Formula:
Percentage: [IRevenue ÷ ad spend] × 100 = IROAS%
Ratio: IRevenue ÷ ad spend = IROAS

Incremental Cost Per Action (iCPA)
incremental-cost-per-action-icpa

A KPI used to evaluate the cost of incremental conversions.

Formula:Ad spend ÷ [test group actions – control group actions] = iCPA

Incremental Conversions
incremental-conversions

The estimated amount of conversions caused directly by the campaign.

Formula:
Test group conversions – control group conversions (scaled) = Incremental conversions

In-app Event
in-app-event

Actions made by a user within the app, such as log-in, registration, completion of onboarding, or purchases. These events can be tracked with the help of an MMP.

Impression
impression

The deployment of the ad to the ad placement. An impression might not necessarily mean that the ad has been viewed.

Identifier for advertisers (IDFA)
identifier-for-advertisers-idfa

A unique random device identifier Apple generates and assigns to every iOS device. Advertisers can use this to track user activity across apps, show them personalized ads, and attribute ad interactions.

Ghost Ads
ghost-ads

A testing methodology that shows devices in the control group an ad ran by another advertiser on the platform, therefore removing any additional cost for clicks and impressions. The control group behavior is then marked with a ‘ghost impression’, which gives the information on which control group users would have been exposed.

further reading
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)
general-data-protection-regulation-gdpr

A regulation under the EU (European Union) law on data protection and privacy within the EU and the EEA (European Economic Area), that grants users control over how their data is stored and used by organizations. To comply with GDPR, programmatic sellers must clearly communicate to users how their data will be stored and used. When a user gives consent to an organization to process their data, it enables targeted advertising.

Exposure Rate
exposure-rate

The percentage of devices within a test group that received at least one ad impression, versus the total number of devices within the test group targeted within a campaign during an uplift test. For example, if 900 out of 1,000 users are shown an ad, the exposure rate is 90%.

See also: Uplift Test

Deterministic Attribution
deterministic-attribution

Refer to: Attribution Methodology

Deep link
deep-link

A link that sends users directly to a specific in-app location, instead of the app marketplace. Deep links bypass the steps needed to go through to reach a conversion point, bringing the user directly to where they can perform the intended action e.g. completing a purchase, buying coins, placing an order.

Test Group
test-group

Within the sphere of app marketing, this refers to the group of devices that may be shown ads from a specific campaign in the test. The actions on these devices are then compared to the actions on the devices in the control group.

Compare with: Control Group

further reading
Control Group
control-group

Within the sphere of app marketing, this refers to the group of devices within the target audience that are not shown ads from a specific campaign in the test. The actions on these devices are then compared to the actions on the devices in the test group.

Compare with: Test Group

further reading
Contextual targeting
contextual-targeting

A type of targeting that works with contextual signals only, such as location data (country, city, postal code), language setting, mobile operating system, device model, as well as publisher information.

California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
california-consumer-privacy-act-ccpa

A bill that enhances privacy rights and consumer protection for residents of California, United States. The CCPA took effect on January 1, 2020.

The CCPA provides these rights to consumers:

- Know what personal data is being collected about them.
- Know whether their personal data is sold or disclosed, and to whom.
- Say no to the sale of personal data.
- Access their personal data.
- Request a business to delete any personal information that was collected from that consumer.
- Equal service and price, even if they exercise their privacy rights.

Attribution Window
attribution-window

A specific time frame that is taken into consideration when determining the source of a user’s action.

Attribution Provider (AP)
attribution-provider-ap

A role played by an MMP to credit the in-app activity of users to the correct media sources.

Attribution Methodology
attribution-methodology

Refers to the process of identifying which conversions belong to which preceding click or impression. Common attribution methodologies include:

  • Click-Through Attribution - Determines the source of a conversion based on the user’s click activity.

  • View-Through Attribution - Determines the source of a conversion based on the ad impression delivered to the user.

  • Deterministic Attribution - A model that establishes the origin of a user’s conversion from a specific click or impression, based on unique device IDs.

  • Probabilistic Attribution - A model that establishes the likelihood of a user’s conversion originating from a specific click or impression, based on the data logged on both occasions, such as device language, timezone, IP address, and OS version.

  • Last-Touch Attribution - A model that establishes a match between the action taken by a user (e.g. app open, purchase) and its corresponding ad click or impression. When a user converts from an ad, the DSP that delivered the respective ad is given full credit for that conversion event.

  • Multi-Touch Attribution - Also known as multi-channel attribution. A model determines the value of every touchpoint on the way to a conversion. Rather than giving full credit to one ad, multi-touch attribution divides the credit among all advertising channels that the user has interacted with, leading to the conversion.
Attribution
attribution

A method of identifying the touchpoints a user has encountered within a specified period before making a conversion.

App Tracking Transparency (ATT)
app-tracking-transparency-att

The privacy framework from Apple that, among other things, manages the process of obtaining user consent before accessing their Identifier for Advertiser (IDFA).

App Monetization
app-monetization

The strategy a publisher employs to earn money from their app. This can be done through in-app advertisements, paid membership, and charging for premium features or an ad-free experience, among others. For example, some gaming apps are free to download and play, but users may need to pay in order to progress to the next level quickly.

Android Advertising identifier (AAID)
android-advertising-identifier-aaid

Also known as Google Advertising Identifier. A unique device identifier that Android generates and assigns to every device. Advertisers can use this to track user activity across apps, show them personalized ads, and attribute ad interactions.

Advertisers
advertisers

The advertiser is a person or legal entity focusing on generating sales and leads through serving ads that convey the right message to the right audience at the right time.

In mobile advertising, the advertiser is on the client-side and is the one interested in promoting an app.

Causal Impact Analysis
causal-impact-analysis

A measurement framework developed by Google that works without device IDs. It measures the incremental uplift of one or more conversion events, removing the influence of other campaigns and organic conversions. Used to assess the effect of ID-less campaigns.

Similar to measuring the effect TV ads have, the principle is based on running campaigns on identifiable sub-markets (test group), while leaving other sub-markets unexposed (control group).

Ghost Bids
ghost-bids

An incrementality testing methodology based on Ghost Ads, adapted for retargeting campaigns. The difference is that it removes all devices that are not seen on ad exchanges, or that would not be bid on, from both test and control groups, to reduce noise. A bid is placed as usual for the test group, while the control group is tracked with ‘ghost bids’ (bids that could have been placed, but weren’t in the end).

Return on Advertising Spend (ROAS)
return-on-advertising-spend-roas

A KPI that measures the relationship between the revenue generated by specific advertising efforts and the money spent on them.

Formula

Percentage: [Revenue ÷ ad spend] × 100 = ROAS%

Ratio: Revenue ÷ ad spend = ROAS

See also: Incremental Return On Ad Spend

Supply-Side Platform (SSP)
supply-side-platform-ssp

A company that works with publishers to sell ad inventory across ad networks.

Demand-Side Platform (DSP)
demand-side-platform-dsp

A company that works with advertisers to purchase ad inventory across ad networks. Their platforms are built to identify a desired ad space and place bids on it.

Compare with: Supply-Side Platform

Open RTB
open-rtb

A digital marketplace where ad inventory from multiple publishers are available for advertisers to bid on in real time.

See also: Real-Time Bidding

Self-Attributing Network
self-attributing-network

An ad network like Meta, Snap, and Twitter, that attributes its traffic internally, without the involvement of third-party MMPs.

Variable Bidding
variable-bidding

The dynamic adjustment of bid prices based on a user's in-app behavioral patterns, contextual information, time of day, and ad placement performance.

Dynamic Product Ad (DPA)
dynamic-product-ad-dpa

Also known as a dynamic ad. It is dynamically assembled based on the user’s behavior and information sourced from a feed. This type of ad delivers a tailored experience for individual users.

Real-Time Audience Segmentation
real-time-audience-segmentation

The division of an audience into distinct segments based on real-time events, thus enabling targeted advertising and alignment with a user's behavioral patterns and preferences.

User Acquisition (UA)
user-acquisition-ua

A mobile marketing effort used to attract new users to an app. Paid UA may refer to ads shown in mobile ad networks or social media channels, while non-paid UA involves app store optimization and promotion on the advertiser’s own channels.

Programmatic Advertising
programmatic-advertising

The automated process of buying and selling advertising space through digital platforms.

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